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doc/manual/source/language/expression/array.md

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+# Array Expression
+
+An array expression represents an ordered sequence of values.
+
+```dcdl
+[1, 2, 3]
+["a", "b", "c"]
+```
+
+An array literal is a concrete value and does not require all elements to have the same type.
+
+```dcdl
+["api", 8080, true]
+```
+
+## Array constraint
+
+Write an array constraint by placing an ellipsis immediately after `[`, followed by an element constraint.
+
+```dcdl
+Names = [...String];
+Ports = [...(Int & >= 1 & <= 65535)];
+```
+
+`[...T]` represents an array of zero or more elements, all of which satisfy `T`.
+An empty array satisfies every array constraint.
+
+```dcdl
+[...String] & []
+[...String] & ["api", "worker"]
+```
+
+The element constraint can be an object range.
+A field with a default that exists only on the right remains abstract in every element when the array constraint is composed.
+Its default is selected only if the array is later materialized.
+
+```dcdl
+Services = [...{
+    name = String;
+    enabled = Bool default true;
+}];
+
+Services & [{ name = "api"; }]
+```
+
+Applying an array constraint to a concrete array refines each element against the element range using the same rules as `as`.
+For an object element range, a field present only on the left produces an error, while a field present only on the right remains abstract.
+
+Decodal does not provide an abstract array type without an element constraint.
+The former `Array` primitive type is unavailable, and `T` is required in `[...T]`.
+`[String]` is not an array constraint; it is a concrete one-element array containing the unresolved `String` constraint.
+An array constraint describes only the element range. It has no length, positional tuple, or uniqueness constraints.
+
+## Array concatenation
+
+`++` concatenates two concrete arrays.
+
+```dcdl
+base = ["read", "write"];
+extra = ["admin"];
+roles = base ++ extra;
+```
+
+`roles` has the same value as:
+
+```dcdl
+["read", "write", "admin"]
+```
+
+`++` does not transform array elements.
+Elements from the right side follow those from the left.