diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index a407d4a7..aed8cfd3 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -1444,6 +1444,7 @@ version = "0.1.0"
 dependencies = [
  "serde",
  "tempfile",
+ "thiserror 2.0.18",
  "toml",
 ]
 
diff --git a/TODO.md b/TODO.md
index d0ae9570..dd3c5d1b 100644
--- a/TODO.md
+++ b/TODO.md
@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
 - [ ] テスト設計 → [tickets/test-design.md](tickets/test-design.md)
 - [ ] ツール設計
   - [ ] Bash ツール (Permission 層と統合) → [tickets/bash-tool.md](tickets/bash-tool.md)
-- [ ] Scope の再設計 (pwd + writable、必須化) → [tickets/scope-redesign.md](tickets/scope-redesign.md)
+- [ ] Scope の再設計 (pwd 分離、allow/deny、必須化) → [tickets/scope-redesign.md](tickets/scope-redesign.md)
+- [ ] 複数 Pod 間の Scope 排他制御 → [tickets/scope-exclusion.md](tickets/scope-exclusion.md)
 - [ ] Compact の改善（要約品質 + 挙動詳細） → [tickets/compact-improvements.md](tickets/compact-improvements.md)
 - [ ] Protocol の設計 → [tickets/protocol-design.md](tickets/protocol-design.md)
 - [ ] パーミッション: パターンベースのツール実行制御 → [tickets/permission-extension-point.md](tickets/permission-extension-point.md)
diff --git a/crates/manifest/Cargo.toml b/crates/manifest/Cargo.toml
index 2e17cfb9..0e396240 100644
--- a/crates/manifest/Cargo.toml
+++ b/crates/manifest/Cargo.toml
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ license.workspace = true
 
 [dependencies]
 serde = { version = "1.0.228", features = ["derive"] }
+thiserror = "2.0.18"
 toml = "1.1.2"
 
 [dev-dependencies]
diff --git a/crates/manifest/README.md b/crates/manifest/README.md
index a02189a5..1cb56524 100644
--- a/crates/manifest/README.md
+++ b/crates/manifest/README.md
@@ -5,9 +5,9 @@ Pod の宣言的設定を TOML マニフェストとして定義・パースす
 ## 公開型
 
 - `PodManifest` — Pod 設定全体（`from_toml()` でパース）
-- `PodMeta` — Pod メタデータ（名前）
+- `PodMeta` — Pod メタデータ（名前、pwd）
 - `ProviderConfig` — LLM プロバイダ設定（種別、モデル、APIキー環境変数、ベースURL）
 - `ProviderKind` — プロバイダ種別（`Anthropic`, `Openai`, `Gemini`, `Ollama`）
 - `WorkerManifest` — ワーカー設定（システムプロンプト、max_tokens、temperature）
-- `ScopeConfig` — スコープ設定（ルートディレクトリ）
-- `Scope` — ディレクトリスコープの実行時チェック（`contains()` でパス包含判定）
+- `ScopeConfig` / `ScopeRule` / `Permission` — allow / deny の宣言的スコープ設定
+- `Scope` — 実行時スコープ。`from_config(&ScopeConfig, pwd)` で構築し、`is_readable` / `is_writable` / `permission_at` で問い合わせる
diff --git a/crates/manifest/src/lib.rs b/crates/manifest/src/lib.rs
index 91404d92..a43712d0 100644
--- a/crates/manifest/src/lib.rs
+++ b/crates/manifest/src/lib.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 mod scope;
 
-pub use scope::Scope;
+pub use scope::{Scope, ScopeError};
 
 use std::num::NonZeroU32;
 use std::path::PathBuf;
@@ -10,14 +10,13 @@ use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 /// Declarative configuration for a Pod.
 ///
 /// Parsed from a TOML manifest file. Describes the provider, model,
-/// system prompt, and optional directory scope.
+/// system prompt, and directory scope (required).
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
 pub struct PodManifest {
     pub pod: PodMeta,
     pub provider: ProviderConfig,
     pub worker: WorkerManifest,
-    #[serde(default)]
-    pub scope: Option<ScopeConfig>,
+    pub scope: ScopeConfig,
     #[serde(default)]
     pub compaction: Option<CompactionConfig>,
 }
@@ -26,6 +25,9 @@ pub struct PodManifest {
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
 pub struct PodMeta {
     pub name: String,
+    /// Working directory for the Pod. Relative paths are resolved against
+    /// the directory containing the manifest file.
+    pub pwd: PathBuf,
 }
 
 /// LLM provider configuration.
@@ -79,10 +81,53 @@ pub struct WorkerManifest {
     pub temperature: Option<f32>,
 }
 
-/// Directory scope configuration.
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+/// Declarative scope configuration.
+///
+/// A Pod may only touch paths whose effective permission (computed from
+/// allow/deny rules below) is at least `Read` / `Write`. See
+/// [`Scope`] for the resolved runtime form.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Default, Serialize, Deserialize)]
 pub struct ScopeConfig {
-    pub root: PathBuf,
+    /// Rules granting access. At least one entry is required for the
+    /// scope to be meaningful; [`Scope::from_config`] enforces this.
+    #[serde(default)]
+    pub allow: Vec<ScopeRule>,
+    /// Rules capping access below the stated permission level. Empty by
+    /// default.
+    #[serde(default)]
+    pub deny: Vec<ScopeRule>,
+}
+
+/// A single allow or deny rule inside [`ScopeConfig`].
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+pub struct ScopeRule {
+    /// Target path. Relative paths are resolved against the Pod's pwd
+    /// when [`Scope::from_config`] runs.
+    pub target: PathBuf,
+    /// Permission level this rule grants (allow) or caps strictly below
+    /// (deny).
+    pub permission: Permission,
+    /// When `false`, the rule only matches the target itself and its
+    /// direct children. Defaults to `true`.
+    #[serde(default = "default_recursive")]
+    pub recursive: bool,
+}
+
+fn default_recursive() -> bool {
+    true
+}
+
+/// Permission lattice used by [`ScopeRule`].
+///
+/// The derived `Ord` instance follows declaration order, so
+/// `Read < Write`. Allow rules grant the stated level (and by extension
+/// everything below); deny rules cap the effective level **strictly
+/// below** the stated level.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "lowercase")]
+pub enum Permission {
+    Read,
+    Write,
 }
 
 /// Context compaction configuration.
@@ -146,24 +191,32 @@ impl PodManifest {
 mod tests {
     use super::*;
 
-    #[test]
-    fn parse_minimal_manifest() {
-        let toml = r#"
+    const MINIMAL_REQUIRED: &str = r#"
 [pod]
 name = "test-agent"
+pwd = "./"
 
 [provider]
 kind = "anthropic"
 model = "claude-sonnet-4-20250514"
 
 [worker]
+
+[[scope.allow]]
+target = "./"
+permission = "write"
 "#;
-        let manifest = PodManifest::from_toml(toml).unwrap();
+
+    #[test]
+    fn parse_minimal_manifest() {
+        let manifest = PodManifest::from_toml(MINIMAL_REQUIRED).unwrap();
         assert_eq!(manifest.pod.name, "test-agent");
+        assert_eq!(manifest.pod.pwd, PathBuf::from("./"));
         assert_eq!(manifest.provider.kind, ProviderKind::Anthropic);
         assert_eq!(manifest.provider.model, "claude-sonnet-4-20250514");
         assert!(manifest.provider.api_key_file.is_none());
-        assert!(manifest.scope.is_none());
+        assert_eq!(manifest.scope.allow.len(), 1);
+        assert!(manifest.scope.deny.is_empty());
         assert!(manifest.worker.system_prompt.is_none());
     }
 
@@ -172,6 +225,7 @@ model = "claude-sonnet-4-20250514"
         let toml = r#"
 [pod]
 name = "code-reviewer"
+pwd = "./src"
 
 [provider]
 kind = "anthropic"
@@ -183,11 +237,22 @@ system_prompt = "You are a code reviewer."
 max_tokens = 4096
 temperature = 0.3
 
-[scope]
-root = "./src"
+[[scope.allow]]
+target = "./"
+permission = "write"
+
+[[scope.allow]]
+target = "../docs"
+permission = "read"
+recursive = false
+
+[[scope.deny]]
+target = "./secrets.rs"
+permission = "write"
 "#;
         let manifest = PodManifest::from_toml(toml).unwrap();
         assert_eq!(manifest.pod.name, "code-reviewer");
+        assert_eq!(manifest.pod.pwd, PathBuf::from("./src"));
         assert_eq!(
             manifest.provider.api_key_file.as_deref(),
             Some(std::path::Path::new("~/.config/insomnia/keys/anthropic"))
@@ -198,83 +263,37 @@ root = "./src"
         );
         assert_eq!(manifest.worker.max_tokens, Some(4096));
         assert_eq!(manifest.worker.temperature, Some(0.3));
-        assert_eq!(
-            manifest.scope.as_ref().unwrap().root,
-            PathBuf::from("./src")
-        );
+        let allow = &manifest.scope.allow;
+        assert_eq!(allow.len(), 2);
+        assert_eq!(allow[0].permission, Permission::Write);
+        assert!(allow[0].recursive);
+        assert_eq!(allow[1].permission, Permission::Read);
+        assert!(!allow[1].recursive);
+        assert_eq!(manifest.scope.deny.len(), 1);
+        assert_eq!(manifest.scope.deny[0].permission, Permission::Write);
     }
 
     #[test]
-    fn parse_ollama_no_api_key() {
+    fn reject_missing_scope() {
         let toml = r#"
 [pod]
-name = "local-agent"
-
-[provider]
-kind = "ollama"
-model = "llama3"
-
-[worker]
-"#;
-        let manifest = PodManifest::from_toml(toml).unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(manifest.provider.kind, ProviderKind::Ollama);
-        assert!(manifest.provider.api_key_file.is_none());
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn parse_max_turns() {
-        let toml = r#"
-[pod]
-name = "test"
+name = "missing-scope"
+pwd = "./"
 
 [provider]
 kind = "anthropic"
 model = "claude-sonnet-4-20250514"
 
 [worker]
-max_turns = 50
-"#;
-        let manifest = PodManifest::from_toml(toml).unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(manifest.worker.max_turns.unwrap().get(), 50);
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn omitted_max_turns_is_none() {
-        let toml = r#"
-[pod]
-name = "test"
-
-[provider]
-kind = "anthropic"
-model = "claude-sonnet-4-20250514"
-
-[worker]
-"#;
-        let manifest = PodManifest::from_toml(toml).unwrap();
-        assert!(manifest.worker.max_turns.is_none());
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn reject_max_turns_zero() {
-        let toml = r#"
-[pod]
-name = "test"
-
-[provider]
-kind = "anthropic"
-model = "claude-sonnet-4-20250514"
-
-[worker]
-max_turns = 0
 "#;
         assert!(PodManifest::from_toml(toml).is_err());
     }
 
     #[test]
-    fn parse_compaction_config() {
+    fn reject_missing_pwd() {
         let toml = r#"
 [pod]
-name = "test"
+name = "missing-pwd"
 
 [provider]
 kind = "anthropic"
@@ -282,10 +301,36 @@ model = "claude-sonnet-4-20250514"
 
 [worker]
 
-[compaction]
-compact_threshold = 80000
+[[scope.allow]]
+target = "./"
+permission = "write"
 "#;
-        let manifest = PodManifest::from_toml(toml).unwrap();
+        assert!(PodManifest::from_toml(toml).is_err());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn parse_max_turns() {
+        let toml = MINIMAL_REQUIRED.replace("[worker]\n", "[worker]\nmax_turns = 50\n");
+        let manifest = PodManifest::from_toml(&toml).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(manifest.worker.max_turns.unwrap().get(), 50);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn omitted_max_turns_is_none() {
+        let manifest = PodManifest::from_toml(MINIMAL_REQUIRED).unwrap();
+        assert!(manifest.worker.max_turns.is_none());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn reject_max_turns_zero() {
+        let toml = MINIMAL_REQUIRED.replace("[worker]\n", "[worker]\nmax_turns = 0\n");
+        assert!(PodManifest::from_toml(&toml).is_err());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn parse_compaction_config() {
+        let toml = format!("{MINIMAL_REQUIRED}\n[compaction]\ncompact_threshold = 80000\n");
+        let manifest = PodManifest::from_toml(&toml).unwrap();
         let c = manifest.compaction.unwrap();
         assert_eq!(c.prune_protected_turns, 3);
         assert_eq!(c.prune_min_savings, 4096);
@@ -295,24 +340,15 @@ compact_threshold = 80000
 
     #[test]
     fn parse_compaction_with_provider() {
-        let toml = r#"
-[pod]
-name = "test"
-
-[provider]
-kind = "anthropic"
-model = "claude-sonnet-4-20250514"
-
-[worker]
-
-[compaction]
-compact_threshold = 80000
-
-[compaction.provider]
-kind = "gemini"
-model = "gemini-2.0-flash"
-"#;
-        let manifest = PodManifest::from_toml(toml).unwrap();
+        let toml = format!(
+            "{MINIMAL_REQUIRED}\n\
+             [compaction]\n\
+             compact_threshold = 80000\n\n\
+             [compaction.provider]\n\
+             kind = \"gemini\"\n\
+             model = \"gemini-2.0-flash\"\n"
+        );
+        let manifest = PodManifest::from_toml(&toml).unwrap();
         let c = manifest.compaction.unwrap();
         let p = c.provider.unwrap();
         assert_eq!(p.kind, ProviderKind::Gemini);
@@ -321,32 +357,25 @@ model = "gemini-2.0-flash"
 
     #[test]
     fn omitted_compaction_is_none() {
-        let toml = r#"
-[pod]
-name = "test"
-
-[provider]
-kind = "anthropic"
-model = "claude-sonnet-4-20250514"
-
-[worker]
-"#;
-        let manifest = PodManifest::from_toml(toml).unwrap();
+        let manifest = PodManifest::from_toml(MINIMAL_REQUIRED).unwrap();
         assert!(manifest.compaction.is_none());
     }
 
     #[test]
     fn reject_unknown_provider() {
-        let toml = r#"
-[pod]
-name = "test"
+        let toml = MINIMAL_REQUIRED.replace("kind = \"anthropic\"", "kind = \"unknown_provider\"");
+        assert!(PodManifest::from_toml(&toml).is_err());
+    }
 
-[provider]
-kind = "unknown_provider"
-model = "x"
-
-[worker]
-"#;
-        assert!(PodManifest::from_toml(toml).is_err());
+    #[test]
+    fn default_recursive_true() {
+        let rule: ScopeRule = toml::from_str(
+            r#"
+target = "./"
+permission = "read"
+"#,
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+        assert!(rule.recursive);
     }
 }
diff --git a/crates/manifest/src/scope.rs b/crates/manifest/src/scope.rs
index 0ca9e6c7..01f41932 100644
--- a/crates/manifest/src/scope.rs
+++ b/crates/manifest/src/scope.rs
@@ -1,115 +1,349 @@
+//! Runtime representation of a Pod's access scope.
+//!
+//! Built from [`crate::ScopeConfig`] via [`Scope::from_config`] once the
+//! Pod's pwd (working directory) has been resolved to an absolute path.
+//! All rule `target` paths inside the [`Scope`] are absolute and lexically
+//! stable, so access checks are pure path comparisons.
+
+use std::ffi::OsString;
 use std::path::{Path, PathBuf};
 
-/// Directory scope constraining a Pod's write access.
+use crate::{Permission, ScopeConfig, ScopeRule};
+
+/// Parsed, pwd-resolved set of allow/deny rules for a Pod.
 ///
-/// Read access is unrestricted — only write operations are checked against the scope.
+/// Read/write access decisions are pure functions of the path being
+/// queried and these rules — see [`Scope::permission_at`].
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 pub struct Scope {
-    root: PathBuf,
+    allow: Vec<ResolvedRule>,
+    deny: Vec<ResolvedRule>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+struct ResolvedRule {
+    /// Absolute, canonicalized-or-normalized target directory/file.
+    target: PathBuf,
+    permission: Permission,
+    recursive: bool,
+}
+
+/// Errors raised when constructing a [`Scope`] from a [`ScopeConfig`].
+#[derive(Debug, thiserror::Error)]
+pub enum ScopeError {
+    #[error("scope must declare at least one [[scope.allow]] rule")]
+    EmptyAllow,
+    #[error("scope base path must be absolute: {}", .0.display())]
+    BaseNotAbsolute(PathBuf),
+    #[error("failed to resolve scope target {}: {source}", .path.display())]
+    ResolveTarget {
+        path: PathBuf,
+        #[source]
+        source: std::io::Error,
+    },
 }
 
 impl Scope {
-    /// Create a new scope rooted at the given directory.
-    ///
-    /// The path is canonicalized to resolve symlinks and relative components.
-    pub fn new(root: impl Into<PathBuf>) -> std::io::Result<Self> {
-        let root = root.into().canonicalize()?;
-        Ok(Self { root })
+    /// Build a [`Scope`] from a declarative [`ScopeConfig`], resolving
+    /// relative `target` paths against `base` (conventionally the Pod's
+    /// absolute pwd).
+    pub fn from_config(config: &ScopeConfig, base: &Path) -> Result<Self, ScopeError> {
+        if !base.is_absolute() {
+            return Err(ScopeError::BaseNotAbsolute(base.to_path_buf()));
+        }
+        if config.allow.is_empty() {
+            return Err(ScopeError::EmptyAllow);
+        }
+        let allow = config
+            .allow
+            .iter()
+            .map(|r| resolve_rule(r, base))
+            .collect::<Result<Vec<_>, _>>()?;
+        let deny = config
+            .deny
+            .iter()
+            .map(|r| resolve_rule(r, base))
+            .collect::<Result<Vec<_>, _>>()?;
+        Ok(Self { allow, deny })
     }
 
-    /// The root directory of this scope.
-    pub fn root(&self) -> &Path {
-        &self.root
+    /// Convenience constructor for tests and simple setups: a single
+    /// recursive `allow(Write)` rule rooted at `root`.
+    pub fn writable(root: impl AsRef<Path>) -> std::io::Result<Self> {
+        let root = root.as_ref().canonicalize()?;
+        Ok(Self {
+            allow: vec![ResolvedRule {
+                target: root,
+                permission: Permission::Write,
+                recursive: true,
+            }],
+            deny: Vec::new(),
+        })
     }
 
-    /// Check whether `path` falls within this scope.
+    /// Effective permission for `path`.
     ///
-    /// The path is canonicalized before comparison. If the path does not
-    /// exist yet (typical for new-file writes), the closest existing
-    /// ancestor is canonicalized and checked, so deep new directory
-    /// hierarchies inside the scope are also accepted.
-    pub fn contains(&self, path: &Path) -> bool {
-        let mut cur = path;
-        loop {
-            if let Ok(canonical) = cur.canonicalize() {
-                return canonical.starts_with(&self.root);
-            }
-            match cur.parent() {
-                Some(parent) if parent != cur => cur = parent,
-                _ => return false,
+    /// Returns `None` when `path` is outside every allow rule, or when
+    /// deny rules have knocked it below `Read`.
+    pub fn permission_at(&self, path: &Path) -> Option<Permission> {
+        let resolved = resolve_path(path)?;
+        let mut effective: Option<Permission> = None;
+        for rule in &self.allow {
+            if rule.matches(&resolved) {
+                effective = match effective {
+                    None => Some(rule.permission),
+                    Some(cur) => Some(cur.max(rule.permission)),
+                };
             }
         }
+        let mut effective = effective?;
+
+        // Deny: min(min_deny) dictates the cap. Effective level is capped
+        // strictly below that value, so deny(read) wipes access entirely.
+        let mut min_deny: Option<Permission> = None;
+        for rule in &self.deny {
+            if rule.matches(&resolved) {
+                min_deny = match min_deny {
+                    None => Some(rule.permission),
+                    Some(cur) => Some(cur.min(rule.permission)),
+                };
+            }
+        }
+        if let Some(cap) = min_deny {
+            match cap {
+                Permission::Read => return None,
+                Permission::Write => effective = effective.min(Permission::Read),
+            }
+        }
+        Some(effective)
+    }
+
+    /// Shorthand: `permission_at(path) >= Some(Read)`.
+    pub fn is_readable(&self, path: &Path) -> bool {
+        matches!(
+            self.permission_at(path),
+            Some(Permission::Read | Permission::Write)
+        )
+    }
+
+    /// Shorthand: `permission_at(path) == Some(Write)`.
+    pub fn is_writable(&self, path: &Path) -> bool {
+        matches!(self.permission_at(path), Some(Permission::Write))
+    }
+}
+
+impl ResolvedRule {
+    fn matches(&self, path: &Path) -> bool {
+        if self.recursive {
+            path.starts_with(&self.target)
+        } else {
+            path == self.target || path.parent() == Some(self.target.as_path())
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+fn resolve_rule(rule: &ScopeRule, base: &Path) -> Result<ResolvedRule, ScopeError> {
+    let joined = if rule.target.is_absolute() {
+        rule.target.clone()
+    } else {
+        base.join(&rule.target)
+    };
+    let target = resolve_path(&joined).ok_or_else(|| ScopeError::ResolveTarget {
+        path: rule.target.clone(),
+        source: std::io::Error::new(std::io::ErrorKind::Other, "could not absolutize target"),
+    })?;
+    Ok(ResolvedRule {
+        target,
+        permission: rule.permission,
+        recursive: rule.recursive,
+    })
+}
+
+/// Convert `path` to an absolute form suitable for prefix comparison.
+///
+/// Tries `canonicalize` on the full path first (resolves symlinks). If
+/// the path doesn't exist yet, climbs to the closest existing ancestor,
+/// canonicalizes it, then rejoins the missing tail. Returns `None` for
+/// relative inputs that have no existing ancestor to anchor against.
+fn resolve_path(path: &Path) -> Option<PathBuf> {
+    if !path.is_absolute() {
+        return None;
+    }
+    if let Ok(canonical) = path.canonicalize() {
+        return Some(canonical);
+    }
+    let mut tail: Vec<OsString> = Vec::new();
+    let mut cur = path.to_path_buf();
+    loop {
+        if let Ok(canonical) = cur.canonicalize() {
+            let mut out = canonical;
+            for segment in tail.iter().rev() {
+                out.push(segment);
+            }
+            return Some(out);
+        }
+        let name = cur.file_name()?.to_os_string();
+        tail.push(name);
+        let parent = cur.parent()?.to_path_buf();
+        if parent == cur {
+            return None;
+        }
+        cur = parent;
     }
 }
 
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
     use super::*;
-    use std::fs;
     use tempfile::TempDir;
 
-    #[test]
-    fn contains_file_inside_scope() {
-        let dir = TempDir::new().unwrap();
-        let scope = Scope::new(dir.path()).unwrap();
-
-        let file = dir.path().join("test.txt");
-        fs::write(&file, "hello").unwrap();
-
-        assert!(scope.contains(&file));
+    fn allow_rule(target: &Path, permission: Permission) -> ScopeRule {
+        ScopeRule {
+            target: target.to_path_buf(),
+            permission,
+            recursive: true,
+        }
     }
 
     #[test]
-    fn rejects_file_outside_scope() {
+    fn writable_shortcut_permits_root() {
+        let dir = TempDir::new().unwrap();
+        let scope = Scope::writable(dir.path()).unwrap();
+        assert!(scope.is_writable(&dir.path().join("a.txt")));
+        assert!(scope.is_readable(&dir.path().join("a.txt")));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn writable_shortcut_rejects_outside() {
         let dir = TempDir::new().unwrap();
         let outside = TempDir::new().unwrap();
-        let scope = Scope::new(dir.path()).unwrap();
-
-        let file = outside.path().join("test.txt");
-        fs::write(&file, "hello").unwrap();
-
-        assert!(!scope.contains(&file));
+        let scope = Scope::writable(dir.path()).unwrap();
+        assert!(!scope.is_readable(&outside.path().join("x")));
     }
 
     #[test]
-    fn contains_new_file_in_existing_parent() {
+    fn allow_write_grants_read_and_write() {
         let dir = TempDir::new().unwrap();
-        let scope = Scope::new(dir.path()).unwrap();
-
-        // File doesn't exist yet, but parent dir is inside scope
-        let new_file = dir.path().join("new.txt");
-        assert!(scope.contains(&new_file));
+        let cfg = ScopeConfig {
+            allow: vec![allow_rule(dir.path(), Permission::Write)],
+            deny: Vec::new(),
+        };
+        let scope = Scope::from_config(&cfg, dir.path()).unwrap();
+        let f = dir.path().join("a.txt");
+        assert_eq!(scope.permission_at(&f), Some(Permission::Write));
     }
 
     #[test]
-    fn contains_nested_directory() {
+    fn allow_read_only() {
         let dir = TempDir::new().unwrap();
-        let nested = dir.path().join("a/b/c");
-        fs::create_dir_all(&nested).unwrap();
-        let scope = Scope::new(dir.path()).unwrap();
+        let cfg = ScopeConfig {
+            allow: vec![allow_rule(dir.path(), Permission::Read)],
+            deny: Vec::new(),
+        };
+        let scope = Scope::from_config(&cfg, dir.path()).unwrap();
+        let f = dir.path().join("a.txt");
+        assert_eq!(scope.permission_at(&f), Some(Permission::Read));
+        assert!(scope.is_readable(&f));
+        assert!(!scope.is_writable(&f));
+    }
 
-        let file = nested.join("test.txt");
-        assert!(scope.contains(&file));
+    #[test]
+    fn deny_write_downgrades_to_read() {
+        let dir = TempDir::new().unwrap();
+        let sub = dir.path().join("sub");
+        std::fs::create_dir(&sub).unwrap();
+        let cfg = ScopeConfig {
+            allow: vec![allow_rule(dir.path(), Permission::Write)],
+            deny: vec![allow_rule(&sub, Permission::Write)],
+        };
+        let scope = Scope::from_config(&cfg, dir.path()).unwrap();
+        let f = sub.join("a.txt");
+        assert_eq!(scope.permission_at(&f), Some(Permission::Read));
+        // outside the deny, still writable.
+        assert_eq!(
+            scope.permission_at(&dir.path().join("top.txt")),
+            Some(Permission::Write)
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn deny_read_removes_access_entirely() {
+        let dir = TempDir::new().unwrap();
+        let secret = dir.path().join("secret.txt");
+        std::fs::write(&secret, b"").unwrap();
+        let cfg = ScopeConfig {
+            allow: vec![allow_rule(dir.path(), Permission::Write)],
+            deny: vec![allow_rule(&secret, Permission::Read)],
+        };
+        let scope = Scope::from_config(&cfg, dir.path()).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(scope.permission_at(&secret), None);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn multiple_allow_rules_take_max() {
+        let dir = TempDir::new().unwrap();
+        let docs = dir.path().join("docs");
+        std::fs::create_dir(&docs).unwrap();
+        let cfg = ScopeConfig {
+            allow: vec![
+                allow_rule(dir.path(), Permission::Read),
+                allow_rule(&docs, Permission::Write),
+            ],
+            deny: Vec::new(),
+        };
+        let scope = Scope::from_config(&cfg, dir.path()).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(
+            scope.permission_at(&dir.path().join("a.txt")),
+            Some(Permission::Read)
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            scope.permission_at(&docs.join("a.txt")),
+            Some(Permission::Write)
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn non_recursive_rule_matches_direct_children_only() {
+        let dir = TempDir::new().unwrap();
+        let nested = dir.path().join("a/b");
+        std::fs::create_dir_all(&nested).unwrap();
+        let cfg = ScopeConfig {
+            allow: vec![ScopeRule {
+                target: dir.path().to_path_buf(),
+                permission: Permission::Write,
+                recursive: false,
+            }],
+            deny: Vec::new(),
+        };
+        let scope = Scope::from_config(&cfg, dir.path()).unwrap();
+        assert!(scope.is_writable(&dir.path().join("top.txt")));
+        assert!(!scope.is_writable(&nested.join("deep.txt")));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn empty_allow_rejected() {
+        let dir = TempDir::new().unwrap();
+        let cfg = ScopeConfig {
+            allow: Vec::new(),
+            deny: Vec::new(),
+        };
+        let err = Scope::from_config(&cfg, dir.path()).unwrap_err();
+        assert!(matches!(err, ScopeError::EmptyAllow));
     }
 
     #[test]
     fn rejects_traversal_attack() {
         let dir = TempDir::new().unwrap();
-        let scope = Scope::new(dir.path()).unwrap();
-
+        let scope = Scope::writable(dir.path()).unwrap();
         let traversal = dir.path().join("../../../etc/passwd");
-        assert!(!scope.contains(&traversal));
+        assert!(!scope.is_readable(&traversal));
     }
 
     #[test]
-    fn contains_deeply_nested_new_path() {
+    fn resolves_new_nested_file_inside_scope() {
         let dir = TempDir::new().unwrap();
-        let scope = Scope::new(dir.path()).unwrap();
-
-        // Neither the file nor any of its ancestors (a, a/b, a/b/c) exist yet
-        // under the scope; contains should still accept because the closest
-        // existing ancestor (the scope root) is inside the scope.
+        let scope = Scope::writable(dir.path()).unwrap();
         let deep = dir.path().join("a/b/c/new.txt");
-        assert!(scope.contains(&deep));
+        assert!(scope.is_writable(&deep));
     }
 }
diff --git a/crates/pod/examples/pod_cli.rs b/crates/pod/examples/pod_cli.rs
index f811c5ce..83563a3a 100644
--- a/crates/pod/examples/pod_cli.rs
+++ b/crates/pod/examples/pod_cli.rs
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ use session_store::FsStore;
 const MANIFEST_TOML: &str = r#"
 [pod]
 name = "hello-pod"
+pwd = "./"
 
 [provider]
 kind = "anthropic"
@@ -25,6 +26,10 @@ model = "claude-sonnet-4-20250514"
 [worker]
 system_prompt = "You are a concise assistant. Reply in one or two sentences."
 max_tokens = 256
+
+[[scope.allow]]
+target = "./"
+permission = "write"
 "#;
 
 #[tokio::main]
@@ -40,7 +45,7 @@ async fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
     let store = FsStore::new(tmp.path()).await?;
 
     // 3. Build the Pod from manifest
-    let mut pod = Pod::from_manifest(manifest, store, None, None).await?;
+    let mut pod = Pod::from_manifest(manifest, store, None).await?;
     println!("Session: {}", pod.session_id());
 
     // 4. Run a prompt
diff --git a/crates/pod/examples/pod_protocol.rs b/crates/pod/examples/pod_protocol.rs
index 30e21453..8df4ecde 100644
--- a/crates/pod/examples/pod_protocol.rs
+++ b/crates/pod/examples/pod_protocol.rs
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ use session_store::FsStore;
 const MANIFEST_TOML: &str = r#"
 [pod]
 name = "protocol-demo"
+pwd = "./"
 
 [provider]
 kind = "anthropic"
@@ -19,6 +20,10 @@ model = "claude-sonnet-4-20250514"
 [worker]
 system_prompt = "You are a concise assistant. Reply in one or two sentences."
 max_tokens = 256
+
+[[scope.allow]]
+target = "./"
+permission = "write"
 "#;
 
 #[tokio::main]
@@ -28,7 +33,7 @@ async fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
     let manifest = PodManifest::from_toml(MANIFEST_TOML)?;
     let tmp = tempfile::tempdir()?;
     let store = FsStore::new(tmp.path()).await?;
-    let pod = pod::Pod::from_manifest(manifest, store, None, None).await?;
+    let pod = pod::Pod::from_manifest(manifest, store, None).await?;
 
     let runtime_tmp = tempfile::tempdir()?;
     let handle = PodController::spawn(pod, runtime_tmp.path()).await?;
diff --git a/crates/pod/src/controller.rs b/crates/pod/src/controller.rs
index c57b764b..3e48d388 100644
--- a/crates/pod/src/controller.rs
+++ b/crates/pod/src/controller.rs
@@ -83,9 +83,10 @@ impl PodController {
         // Keep the server alive by moving it into the controller task
         // (it will be dropped when the task ends)
 
-        // Grab the scope before the mutable borrow of the worker so we can
-        // build a `ScopedFs` for the builtin tools. `Scope` is cheap to clone.
-        let scope_for_tools = pod.scope().cloned();
+        // Grab the scope/pwd before the mutable borrow of the worker so we
+        // can build a `ScopedFs` for the builtin tools.
+        let scope_for_tools = pod.scope().clone();
+        let pwd_for_tools = pod.pwd().to_path_buf();
 
         // Register event bridge callbacks on the worker
         {
@@ -161,21 +162,17 @@ impl PodController {
             });
 
             // Register the builtin file-manipulation tools (Read / Write /
-            // Edit / Glob / Grep) when the manifest declares a scope.
-            //
-            // `ScopedFs` carries the pod-lifetime write boundary (derived
-            // from the manifest scope). `Tracker` is session-scoped —
-            // a fresh instance per controller spawn ensures state from a
-            // previous process lifetime cannot be reused after a resume.
-            // The tracker is also handed to the Pod itself so Pod-level
-            // operations (e.g. context compaction) can ask which files
-            // the agent has been touching.
-            if let Some(scope) = scope_for_tools {
-                let fs = tools::ScopedFs::new(scope);
-                let tracker = tools::Tracker::new();
-                worker.register_tools(tools::builtin_tools(fs, tracker.clone()));
-                pod.attach_tracker(tracker);
-            }
+            // Edit / Glob / Grep). `ScopedFs` carries the pod-lifetime
+            // scope/pwd; `Tracker` is session-scoped — a fresh instance per
+            // controller spawn ensures state from a previous process
+            // lifetime cannot be reused after a resume. The tracker is
+            // also handed to the Pod itself so Pod-level operations (e.g.
+            // context compaction) can ask which files the agent has been
+            // touching.
+            let fs = tools::ScopedFs::new(scope_for_tools, pwd_for_tools);
+            let tracker = tools::Tracker::new();
+            worker.register_tools(tools::builtin_tools(fs, tracker.clone()));
+            pod.attach_tracker(tracker);
         }
 
         // Clone cancel sender before moving pod
diff --git a/crates/pod/src/main.rs b/crates/pod/src/main.rs
index 3aa3687f..89eae268 100644
--- a/crates/pod/src/main.rs
+++ b/crates/pod/src/main.rs
@@ -70,23 +70,11 @@ async fn main() -> ExitCode {
         }
     };
 
-    // Build scope from manifest
-    let scope = match manifest.scope.as_ref() {
-        Some(sc) => match manifest::Scope::new(&sc.root) {
-            Ok(s) => Some(s),
-            Err(e) => {
-                eprintln!("error: invalid scope root {:?}: {e}", sc.root);
-                return ExitCode::FAILURE;
-            }
-        },
-        None => None,
-    };
-
-    // Build the Pod
+    // Build the Pod (pwd/scope derived from manifest + manifest_dir).
     let manifest_dir = std::fs::canonicalize(&cli.manifest)
         .ok()
         .and_then(|p| p.parent().map(Path::to_path_buf));
-    let pod = match Pod::from_manifest(manifest, store, scope, manifest_dir).await {
+    let pod = match Pod::from_manifest(manifest, store, manifest_dir).await {
         Ok(p) => p,
         Err(e) => {
             eprintln!("error: failed to create pod: {e}");
diff --git a/crates/pod/src/pod.rs b/crates/pod/src/pod.rs
index a96cc8d8..97e42dba 100644
--- a/crates/pod/src/pod.rs
+++ b/crates/pod/src/pod.rs
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-use std::path::PathBuf;
+use std::path::{Path, PathBuf};
 use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};
 
 use llm_worker::Item;
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ use session_store::{
 };
 use tracing::{info, warn};
 
-use manifest::{PodManifest, Scope, WorkerManifest};
+use manifest::{PodManifest, Scope, ScopeError, WorkerManifest};
 
 use crate::compact_interceptor::CompactInterceptor;
 use crate::compact_state::CompactState;
@@ -64,7 +64,10 @@ pub struct Pod<C: LlmClient, St: Store> {
     store: St,
     session_id: SessionId,
     head_hash: Option<EntryHash>,
-    scope: Option<Scope>,
+    /// Absolute working directory of the Pod.
+    pwd: PathBuf,
+    /// Resolved scope — always present.
+    scope: Scope,
     hook_builder: HookRegistryBuilder,
     interceptor_installed: bool,
     /// Directory containing the manifest file (needed for api_key_file resolution).
@@ -92,11 +95,16 @@ pub struct Pod<C: LlmClient, St: Store> {
 
 impl<C: LlmClient, St: Store> Pod<C, St> {
     /// Create a new Pod from a pre-built Worker and store.
+    ///
+    /// Callers must pre-resolve `pwd` (absolute) and build a [`Scope`]
+    /// — typically via [`Scope::from_config`] when coming from a
+    /// manifest, or [`Scope::writable`] in tests.
     pub async fn new(
         manifest: PodManifest,
         worker: Worker<C>,
         store: St,
-        scope: Option<Scope>,
+        pwd: PathBuf,
+        scope: Scope,
     ) -> Result<Self, PodError> {
         let state = SessionStartState {
             system_prompt: worker.get_system_prompt(),
@@ -110,6 +118,7 @@ impl<C: LlmClient, St: Store> Pod<C, St> {
             store,
             session_id,
             head_hash: Some(head_hash),
+            pwd,
             scope,
             hook_builder: HookRegistryBuilder::new(),
             interceptor_installed: false,
@@ -129,7 +138,8 @@ impl<C: LlmClient, St: Store> Pod<C, St> {
         manifest: PodManifest,
         client: C,
         store: St,
-        scope: Option<Scope>,
+        pwd: PathBuf,
+        scope: Scope,
     ) -> Result<Self, PodError> {
         let state = session_store::restore(&store, session_id).await?;
         let mut worker = Worker::new(client);
@@ -147,6 +157,7 @@ impl<C: LlmClient, St: Store> Pod<C, St> {
             store,
             session_id,
             head_hash: state.head_hash,
+            pwd,
             scope,
             hook_builder: HookRegistryBuilder::new(),
             interceptor_installed: false,
@@ -170,9 +181,14 @@ impl<C: LlmClient, St: Store> Pod<C, St> {
         &self.manifest
     }
 
-    /// The Pod's directory scope, if any.
-    pub fn scope(&self) -> Option<&Scope> {
-        self.scope.as_ref()
+    /// The Pod's working directory.
+    pub fn pwd(&self) -> &Path {
+        &self.pwd
+    }
+
+    /// The Pod's directory scope.
+    pub fn scope(&self) -> &Scope {
+        &self.scope
     }
 
     /// Direct access to the underlying Worker.
@@ -689,12 +705,22 @@ impl<C: LlmClient, St: Store> Pod<C, St> {
 
 impl<St: Store> Pod<Box<dyn LlmClient>, St> {
     /// Create a Pod entirely from a manifest.
+    ///
+    /// Resolves `manifest.pod.pwd` against `manifest_dir` (or the
+    /// current working directory when absent), builds the [`Scope`]
+    /// from `manifest.scope`, and validates that the resolved pwd is
+    /// readable under that scope.
     pub async fn from_manifest(
         manifest: PodManifest,
         store: St,
-        scope: Option<Scope>,
         manifest_dir: Option<PathBuf>,
     ) -> Result<Self, PodError> {
+        let pwd = resolve_pwd(&manifest.pod.pwd, manifest_dir.as_deref())?;
+        let scope = Scope::from_config(&manifest.scope, &pwd).map_err(PodError::Scope)?;
+        if !scope.is_readable(&pwd) {
+            return Err(PodError::PwdOutsideScope { pwd });
+        }
+
         let client = provider::build_client(&manifest.provider, manifest_dir.as_deref())?;
         let mut worker = Worker::new(client);
         apply_worker_manifest(&mut worker, &manifest.worker);
@@ -711,6 +737,7 @@ impl<St: Store> Pod<Box<dyn LlmClient>, St> {
             store,
             session_id,
             head_hash: Some(head_hash),
+            pwd,
             scope,
             hook_builder: HookRegistryBuilder::new(),
             interceptor_installed: false,
@@ -811,8 +838,18 @@ pub enum PodError {
     #[error(transparent)]
     Store(#[from] StoreError),
 
-    #[error("scope violation: {path} is outside the allowed directory")]
-    ScopeViolation { path: String },
+    #[error(transparent)]
+    Scope(ScopeError),
+
+    #[error("pwd is not readable under the configured scope: {}", .pwd.display())]
+    PwdOutsideScope { pwd: PathBuf },
+
+    #[error("failed to resolve pwd {}: {source}", .pwd.display())]
+    InvalidPwd {
+        pwd: PathBuf,
+        #[source]
+        source: std::io::Error,
+    },
 
     #[error(transparent)]
     Provider(#[from] provider::ProviderError),
@@ -820,3 +857,23 @@ pub enum PodError {
     #[error("compaction thrash: context still exceeds threshold immediately after compact")]
     CompactThrash,
 }
+
+/// Resolve the pwd declared in a manifest against `manifest_dir` (or the
+/// current working directory when absent), canonicalizing symlinks.
+fn resolve_pwd(pwd: &Path, manifest_dir: Option<&Path>) -> Result<PathBuf, PodError> {
+    let joined = if pwd.is_absolute() {
+        pwd.to_path_buf()
+    } else {
+        let base = manifest_dir
+            .map(Path::to_path_buf)
+            .or_else(|| std::env::current_dir().ok())
+            .unwrap_or_else(|| PathBuf::from("."));
+        base.join(pwd)
+    };
+    joined
+        .canonicalize()
+        .map_err(|source| PodError::InvalidPwd {
+            pwd: joined,
+            source,
+        })
+}
diff --git a/crates/pod/tests/controller_test.rs b/crates/pod/tests/controller_test.rs
index 6c74a533..31f99c10 100644
--- a/crates/pod/tests/controller_test.rs
+++ b/crates/pod/tests/controller_test.rs
@@ -74,6 +74,7 @@ fn simple_text_events() -> Vec<LlmEvent> {
 const MANIFEST_TOML: &str = r#"
 [pod]
 name = "test-pod"
+pwd = "./"
 
 [provider]
 kind = "anthropic"
@@ -81,16 +82,28 @@ model = "test-model"
 
 [worker]
 max_tokens = 100
+
+[[scope.allow]]
+target = "./"
+permission = "write"
 "#;
 
 async fn make_pod(client: MockClient) -> Pod<MockClient, FsStore> {
     let manifest = PodManifest::from_toml(MANIFEST_TOML).unwrap();
-    let tmp = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
-    let store = FsStore::new(tmp.path()).await.unwrap();
-    // Leak tempdir to keep it alive
-    std::mem::forget(tmp);
+    let store_tmp = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
+    let store = FsStore::new(store_tmp.path()).await.unwrap();
+    std::mem::forget(store_tmp);
+
+    // Separate tempdir to serve as the Pod's pwd/scope — these tests
+    // exercise the controller via a mock client and never touch the
+    // filesystem through tools, so a throwaway writable dir is enough.
+    let pwd_tmp = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
+    let pwd = pwd_tmp.path().to_path_buf();
+    let scope = manifest::Scope::writable(&pwd).unwrap();
+    std::mem::forget(pwd_tmp);
+
     let worker = Worker::new(client);
-    Pod::new(manifest, worker, store, None).await.unwrap()
+    Pod::new(manifest, worker, store, pwd, scope).await.unwrap()
 }
 
 use pod::PodHandle;
diff --git a/crates/tools/src/edit.rs b/crates/tools/src/edit.rs
index c1194353..8ad6acba 100644
--- a/crates/tools/src/edit.rs
+++ b/crates/tools/src/edit.rs
@@ -158,7 +158,10 @@ mod tests {
 
     fn setup() -> (TempDir, ScopedFs, Tracker) {
         let dir = TempDir::new().unwrap();
-        let fs = ScopedFs::new(Scope::new(dir.path()).unwrap());
+        let fs = ScopedFs::new(
+            Scope::writable(dir.path()).unwrap(),
+            dir.path().to_path_buf(),
+        );
         (dir, fs, Tracker::new())
     }
 
diff --git a/crates/tools/src/error.rs b/crates/tools/src/error.rs
index 05264dd2..fb548f7e 100644
--- a/crates/tools/src/error.rs
+++ b/crates/tools/src/error.rs
@@ -16,6 +16,9 @@ pub enum ToolsError {
     #[error("path is outside allowed scope: {}", .0.display())]
     OutOfScope(PathBuf),
 
+    #[error("path is read-only in this scope: {}", .0.display())]
+    ReadOnly(PathBuf),
+
     #[error("path is a directory: {}", .0.display())]
     IsDirectory(PathBuf),
 
@@ -70,6 +73,7 @@ impl From<ToolsError> for ToolError {
         match err {
             RelativePath(_)
             | OutOfScope(_)
+            | ReadOnly(_)
             | IsDirectory(_)
             | NotRead(_)
             | ExternallyModified(_)
diff --git a/crates/tools/src/glob.rs b/crates/tools/src/glob.rs
index a1d30554..edda5f92 100644
--- a/crates/tools/src/glob.rs
+++ b/crates/tools/src/glob.rs
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ use std::time::SystemTime;
 
 use async_trait::async_trait;
 use llm_worker::tool::{Tool, ToolDefinition, ToolError, ToolMeta, ToolOutput};
+use manifest::Scope;
 use serde::Deserialize;
 
 use crate::error::ToolsError;
@@ -47,12 +48,13 @@ impl Tool for GlobTool {
         let base = params
             .path
             .clone()
-            .unwrap_or_else(|| self.fs.scope().root().to_path_buf());
+            .unwrap_or_else(|| self.fs.pwd().to_path_buf());
         let pattern = params.pattern.clone();
+        let scope = self.fs.scope().clone();
 
         // ignore::Walk is synchronous; run it on a blocking thread so we
         // don't stall the runtime for large trees.
-        let results = tokio::task::spawn_blocking(move || run_glob(&base, &pattern))
+        let results = tokio::task::spawn_blocking(move || run_glob(&base, &pattern, &scope))
             .await
             .map_err(|e| ToolError::Internal(format!("spawn_blocking failed: {e}")))??;
 
@@ -92,7 +94,7 @@ impl Tool for GlobTool {
     }
 }
 
-fn run_glob(base: &Path, pattern: &str) -> Result<Vec<PathBuf>, ToolsError> {
+fn run_glob(base: &Path, pattern: &str, scope: &Scope) -> Result<Vec<PathBuf>, ToolsError> {
     if !base.is_absolute() {
         return Err(ToolsError::RelativePath(base.to_path_buf()));
     }
@@ -131,6 +133,9 @@ fn run_glob(base: &Path, pattern: &str) -> Result<Vec<PathBuf>, ToolsError> {
         if !glob.is_match(rel) {
             continue;
         }
+        if !scope.is_readable(entry.path()) {
+            continue;
+        }
         let mtime = entry
             .metadata()
             .ok()
@@ -164,7 +169,10 @@ mod tests {
 
     fn setup() -> (TempDir, ScopedFs) {
         let dir = TempDir::new().unwrap();
-        let fs = ScopedFs::new(Scope::new(dir.path()).unwrap());
+        let fs = ScopedFs::new(
+            Scope::writable(dir.path()).unwrap(),
+            dir.path().to_path_buf(),
+        );
         (dir, fs)
     }
 
@@ -237,6 +245,43 @@ mod tests {
         assert!(matches!(err, ToolError::InvalidArgument(_)));
     }
 
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn glob_filters_results_by_scope_readability() {
+        use manifest::{Permission, ScopeConfig, ScopeRule};
+
+        let dir = TempDir::new().unwrap();
+        let secret_dir = dir.path().join("secret");
+        std::fs::create_dir(&secret_dir).unwrap();
+        touch(&dir.path().join("visible.rs"), "");
+        touch(&secret_dir.join("hidden.rs"), "");
+
+        let cfg = ScopeConfig {
+            allow: vec![ScopeRule {
+                target: dir.path().to_path_buf(),
+                permission: Permission::Write,
+                recursive: true,
+            }],
+            deny: vec![ScopeRule {
+                target: secret_dir.clone(),
+                permission: Permission::Read,
+                recursive: true,
+            }],
+        };
+        let scope = Scope::from_config(&cfg, dir.path()).unwrap();
+        let fs = ScopedFs::new(scope, dir.path().to_path_buf());
+
+        let def = glob_tool(fs);
+        let (_, tool) = def();
+        let inp = serde_json::json!({ "pattern": "**/*.rs" });
+        let out = tool.execute(&inp.to_string()).await.unwrap();
+        let body = out.content.unwrap_or_default();
+        assert!(body.contains("visible.rs"));
+        assert!(
+            !body.contains("hidden.rs"),
+            "scope-denied file leaked into glob output: {body}"
+        );
+    }
+
     #[tokio::test]
     async fn glob_honors_hidden_files() {
         let (dir, fs) = setup();
diff --git a/crates/tools/src/grep.rs b/crates/tools/src/grep.rs
index 9a3dcea7..9eda3824 100644
--- a/crates/tools/src/grep.rs
+++ b/crates/tools/src/grep.rs
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ use ignore::WalkBuilder;
 use ignore::overrides::OverrideBuilder;
 use ignore::types::TypesBuilder;
 use llm_worker::tool::{Tool, ToolDefinition, ToolError, ToolMeta, ToolOutput};
+use manifest::Scope;
 use serde::Deserialize;
 
 use crate::error::ToolsError;
@@ -91,8 +92,9 @@ impl Tool for GrepTool {
             "Grep"
         );
 
-        let default_base = self.fs.scope().root().to_path_buf();
-        let report = tokio::task::spawn_blocking(move || run_grep(default_base, params))
+        let default_base = self.fs.pwd().to_path_buf();
+        let scope = self.fs.scope().clone();
+        let report = tokio::task::spawn_blocking(move || run_grep(default_base, params, &scope))
             .await
             .map_err(|e| ToolError::Internal(format!("spawn_blocking failed: {e}")))??;
 
@@ -228,7 +230,7 @@ impl GrepReport {
     }
 }
 
-fn run_grep(default_base: PathBuf, p: GrepParams) -> Result<GrepReport, ToolsError> {
+fn run_grep(default_base: PathBuf, p: GrepParams, scope: &Scope) -> Result<GrepReport, ToolsError> {
     let matcher = RegexMatcherBuilder::new()
         .case_insensitive(p.case_insensitive)
         .multi_line(p.multiline)
@@ -309,6 +311,9 @@ fn run_grep(default_base: PathBuf, p: GrepParams) -> Result<GrepReport, ToolsErr
             continue;
         }
         let path = entry.path();
+        if !scope.is_readable(path) {
+            continue;
+        }
 
         match mode {
             GrepOutputMode::FilesWithMatches => {
@@ -472,7 +477,10 @@ mod tests {
 
     fn setup() -> (TempDir, ScopedFs) {
         let dir = TempDir::new().unwrap();
-        let fs = ScopedFs::new(Scope::new(dir.path()).unwrap());
+        let fs = ScopedFs::new(
+            Scope::writable(dir.path()).unwrap(),
+            dir.path().to_path_buf(),
+        );
         (dir, fs)
     }
 
@@ -483,6 +491,43 @@ mod tests {
         fs::write(path, content).unwrap();
     }
 
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn grep_filters_results_by_scope_readability() {
+        use manifest::{Permission, ScopeConfig, ScopeRule};
+
+        let dir = TempDir::new().unwrap();
+        let secret_dir = dir.path().join("secret");
+        fs::create_dir(&secret_dir).unwrap();
+        touch(&dir.path().join("visible.txt"), "needle\n");
+        touch(&secret_dir.join("hidden.txt"), "needle\n");
+
+        let cfg = ScopeConfig {
+            allow: vec![ScopeRule {
+                target: dir.path().to_path_buf(),
+                permission: Permission::Write,
+                recursive: true,
+            }],
+            deny: vec![ScopeRule {
+                target: secret_dir.clone(),
+                permission: Permission::Read,
+                recursive: true,
+            }],
+        };
+        let scope = Scope::from_config(&cfg, dir.path()).unwrap();
+        let scoped = ScopedFs::new(scope, dir.path().to_path_buf());
+
+        let def = grep_tool(scoped);
+        let (_, tool) = def();
+        let inp = serde_json::json!({ "pattern": "needle" });
+        let out = tool.execute(&inp.to_string()).await.unwrap();
+        let body = out.content.unwrap_or_default();
+        assert!(body.contains("visible.txt"));
+        assert!(
+            !body.contains("hidden.txt"),
+            "scope-denied file leaked into grep output: {body}"
+        );
+    }
+
     #[tokio::test]
     async fn grep_files_with_matches_default() {
         let (dir, fs) = setup();
diff --git a/crates/tools/src/read.rs b/crates/tools/src/read.rs
index 65a01525..2bebbc18 100644
--- a/crates/tools/src/read.rs
+++ b/crates/tools/src/read.rs
@@ -137,7 +137,10 @@ mod tests {
 
     fn setup() -> (TempDir, ScopedFs, Tracker) {
         let dir = TempDir::new().unwrap();
-        let fs = ScopedFs::new(Scope::new(dir.path()).unwrap());
+        let fs = ScopedFs::new(
+            Scope::writable(dir.path()).unwrap(),
+            dir.path().to_path_buf(),
+        );
         (dir, fs, Tracker::new())
     }
 
diff --git a/crates/tools/src/scoped_fs.rs b/crates/tools/src/scoped_fs.rs
index 40fc6f92..cce29d9a 100644
--- a/crates/tools/src/scoped_fs.rs
+++ b/crates/tools/src/scoped_fs.rs
@@ -1,15 +1,16 @@
 //! Scope-aware filesystem primitive.
 //!
-//! `ScopedFs` represents **only** the write-block boundary: it knows a
-//! [`manifest::Scope`] and refuses writes outside of it. It carries no
-//! per-session state and is cheap to clone (pod-lifetime, reusable across
-//! sessions). The read-before-edit policy lives separately in
-//! [`crate::Tracker`].
+//! `ScopedFs` is the write/read gate layered on top of a [`manifest::Scope`]
+//! and a Pod's working directory. The scope decides which paths are
+//! readable and writable; the pwd is carried alongside for convenience
+//! (Glob/Grep default their search base to it).
 //!
-//! Reads are unrestricted by design (see `tickets/builtin-tools.md`).
+//! `ScopedFs` is cheap to clone (`Arc` inside) and carries no per-session
+//! state — the read-before-edit policy lives separately in
+//! [`crate::Tracker`].
 
 use std::io::Write as _;
-use std::path::Path;
+use std::path::{Path, PathBuf};
 use std::sync::Arc;
 
 use manifest::Scope;
@@ -19,6 +20,7 @@ use crate::error::ToolsError;
 #[derive(Debug)]
 struct ScopedFsInner {
     scope: Scope,
+    pwd: PathBuf,
 }
 
 /// Scope-aware filesystem handle. Clone-cheap (`Arc` inside).
@@ -35,10 +37,10 @@ pub struct WriteOutcome {
 }
 
 impl ScopedFs {
-    /// Create a new [`ScopedFs`] wrapping the given [`Scope`].
-    pub fn new(scope: Scope) -> Self {
+    /// Create a new [`ScopedFs`] wrapping the given [`Scope`] and pwd.
+    pub fn new(scope: Scope, pwd: PathBuf) -> Self {
         Self {
-            inner: Arc::new(ScopedFsInner { scope }),
+            inner: Arc::new(ScopedFsInner { scope, pwd }),
         }
     }
 
@@ -47,18 +49,27 @@ impl ScopedFs {
         &self.inner.scope
     }
 
+    /// The Pod's working directory. Glob/Grep default their search base
+    /// to this path when callers omit an explicit `path` parameter.
+    pub fn pwd(&self) -> &Path {
+        &self.inner.pwd
+    }
+
     // =========================================================================
-    // Read — unrestricted
+    // Read — scope-checked against readability
     // =========================================================================
 
     /// Read the full contents of `path` as raw bytes.
     ///
-    /// Follows symlinks. Rejects directories, relative paths, and missing
-    /// files. No scope check.
+    /// Follows symlinks. Rejects directories, relative paths, paths not
+    /// readable by the scope, and missing files.
     pub fn read_bytes(&self, path: &Path) -> Result<Vec<u8>, ToolsError> {
         if !path.is_absolute() {
             return Err(ToolsError::RelativePath(path.to_path_buf()));
         }
+        if !self.inner.scope.is_readable(path) {
+            return Err(ToolsError::OutOfScope(path.to_path_buf()));
+        }
         let meta = std::fs::metadata(path).map_err(|e| match e.kind() {
             std::io::ErrorKind::NotFound => ToolsError::NotFound(path.to_path_buf()),
             _ => ToolsError::io(path, e),
@@ -75,9 +86,10 @@ impl ScopedFs {
 
     /// Atomically write `content` to `path`, creating or overwriting it.
     ///
-    /// - `path` must be absolute and inside the scope (delegates to
-    ///   [`Scope::contains`]).
-    /// - Missing parent directories inside the scope are created.
+    /// - `path` must be absolute and writable under the scope.
+    /// - Paths that are readable but not writable return [`ToolsError::ReadOnly`].
+    /// - Paths outside the scope entirely return [`ToolsError::OutOfScope`].
+    /// - Missing parent directories are created.
     /// - The actual write uses a sibling tempfile + `persist`, so the
     ///   target file transitions atomically between states.
     ///
@@ -88,8 +100,12 @@ impl ScopedFs {
         if !path.is_absolute() {
             return Err(ToolsError::RelativePath(path.to_path_buf()));
         }
-        if !self.inner.scope.contains(path) {
-            return Err(ToolsError::OutOfScope(path.to_path_buf()));
+        if !self.inner.scope.is_writable(path) {
+            return Err(if self.inner.scope.is_readable(path) {
+                ToolsError::ReadOnly(path.to_path_buf())
+            } else {
+                ToolsError::OutOfScope(path.to_path_buf())
+            });
         }
 
         // Reject existing directory targets.
@@ -138,11 +154,15 @@ impl ScopedFs {
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
     use super::*;
+    use manifest::{Permission, ScopeConfig, ScopeRule};
     use std::fs;
     use tempfile::TempDir;
 
     fn make_fs(dir: &TempDir) -> ScopedFs {
-        ScopedFs::new(Scope::new(dir.path()).unwrap())
+        ScopedFs::new(
+            Scope::writable(dir.path()).unwrap(),
+            dir.path().to_path_buf(),
+        )
     }
 
     // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -183,15 +203,15 @@ mod tests {
     }
 
     #[test]
-    fn read_bytes_allows_paths_outside_scope() {
-        // Reads are unrestricted — scope only gates writes.
+    fn read_bytes_rejects_paths_outside_scope() {
         let dir = TempDir::new().unwrap();
         let outside = TempDir::new().unwrap();
         let outside_file = outside.path().join("x.txt");
         fs::write(&outside_file, b"hi").unwrap();
 
         let scoped = make_fs(&dir);
-        assert_eq!(scoped.read_bytes(&outside_file).unwrap(), b"hi");
+        let err = scoped.read_bytes(&outside_file).unwrap_err();
+        assert!(matches!(err, ToolsError::OutOfScope(_)));
     }
 
     // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -229,6 +249,32 @@ mod tests {
         assert!(matches!(err, ToolsError::OutOfScope(_)));
     }
 
+    #[test]
+    fn write_rejects_readonly_path() {
+        let dir = TempDir::new().unwrap();
+        let sub = dir.path().join("sub");
+        fs::create_dir(&sub).unwrap();
+        let cfg = ScopeConfig {
+            allow: vec![ScopeRule {
+                target: dir.path().to_path_buf(),
+                permission: Permission::Write,
+                recursive: true,
+            }],
+            deny: vec![ScopeRule {
+                target: sub.clone(),
+                permission: Permission::Write,
+                recursive: true,
+            }],
+        };
+        let scope = Scope::from_config(&cfg, dir.path()).unwrap();
+        let scoped = ScopedFs::new(scope, dir.path().to_path_buf());
+        let err = scoped.write(&sub.join("locked.txt"), b"x").unwrap_err();
+        assert!(
+            matches!(err, ToolsError::ReadOnly(_)),
+            "expected ReadOnly, got {err:?}"
+        );
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn write_rejects_relative_path() {
         let dir = TempDir::new().unwrap();
diff --git a/crates/tools/src/tracker.rs b/crates/tools/src/tracker.rs
index 4cdf4e63..6e108474 100644
--- a/crates/tools/src/tracker.rs
+++ b/crates/tools/src/tracker.rs
@@ -25,10 +25,11 @@
 //! the Pod wires them together when registering builtin tools.
 //!
 //! ```no_run
+//! # use std::path::PathBuf;
 //! # use manifest::Scope;
 //! # use tools::{ScopedFs, Tracker, builtin_tools};
-//! let scope = Scope::new("/workspace").unwrap();
-//! let fs = ScopedFs::new(scope);   // pod lifetime
+//! let scope = Scope::writable("/workspace").unwrap();
+//! let fs = ScopedFs::new(scope, PathBuf::from("/workspace")); // pod lifetime
 //! let tracker = Tracker::new();    // session lifetime
 //! let defs = builtin_tools(fs, tracker);
 //! ```
diff --git a/crates/tools/src/write.rs b/crates/tools/src/write.rs
index 9290ae9d..762387d3 100644
--- a/crates/tools/src/write.rs
+++ b/crates/tools/src/write.rs
@@ -99,7 +99,10 @@ mod tests {
 
     fn setup() -> (TempDir, ScopedFs, Tracker) {
         let dir = TempDir::new().unwrap();
-        let fs = ScopedFs::new(Scope::new(dir.path()).unwrap());
+        let fs = ScopedFs::new(
+            Scope::writable(dir.path()).unwrap(),
+            dir.path().to_path_buf(),
+        );
         (dir, fs, Tracker::new())
     }
 
diff --git a/crates/tools/tests/edge_cases.rs b/crates/tools/tests/edge_cases.rs
index 7dc6b39b..686392ad 100644
--- a/crates/tools/tests/edge_cases.rs
+++ b/crates/tools/tests/edge_cases.rs
@@ -29,7 +29,10 @@ impl Registry {
 
 fn setup() -> (TempDir, Registry) {
     let dir = TempDir::new().unwrap();
-    let fs = ScopedFs::new(Scope::new(dir.path()).unwrap());
+    let fs = ScopedFs::new(
+        Scope::writable(dir.path()).unwrap(),
+        dir.path().to_path_buf(),
+    );
     let tracker = Tracker::new();
     (dir, Registry::new(builtin_tools(fs, tracker)))
 }
@@ -76,14 +79,19 @@ async fn symlink_to_outside_scope_is_rejected_for_write() {
     let link = dir.path().join("linked.txt");
     symlink(&outside_target, &link).unwrap();
 
-    // Read tool must work against the symlink (read is unrestricted).
+    // Read through the symlink must be rejected because the resolved
+    // target sits outside the scope.
     let read = reg.get("Read");
-    read.execute(&json!({ "file_path": link.to_str().unwrap() }).to_string())
+    let read_err = read
+        .execute(&json!({ "file_path": link.to_str().unwrap() }).to_string())
         .await
-        .unwrap();
+        .unwrap_err();
+    assert!(
+        format!("{read_err}").contains("outside allowed scope"),
+        "symlink read escape not rejected: {read_err}"
+    );
 
-    // Write through the symlink must be rejected because canonicalization
-    // resolves it to outside the scope.
+    // Write through the symlink must be rejected for the same reason.
     let write = reg.get("Write");
     let err = write
         .execute(
diff --git a/crates/tools/tests/integration.rs b/crates/tools/tests/integration.rs
index 115f33d9..f34db06d 100644
--- a/crates/tools/tests/integration.rs
+++ b/crates/tools/tests/integration.rs
@@ -38,7 +38,10 @@ impl Registry {
 
 fn setup() -> (TempDir, Registry) {
     let dir = TempDir::new().unwrap();
-    let fs = ScopedFs::new(Scope::new(dir.path()).unwrap());
+    let fs = ScopedFs::new(
+        Scope::writable(dir.path()).unwrap(),
+        dir.path().to_path_buf(),
+    );
     let tracker = Tracker::new();
     let reg = Registry::new(builtin_tools(fs, tracker));
     (dir, reg)
@@ -275,7 +278,10 @@ fn tool_names_match_reference_spec() {
 async fn tracker_recent_files_tracks_read_write_edit() {
     // Build a fresh registry that shares a tracker we can query afterwards.
     let dir = TempDir::new().unwrap();
-    let fs = ScopedFs::new(Scope::new(dir.path()).unwrap());
+    let fs = ScopedFs::new(
+        Scope::writable(dir.path()).unwrap(),
+        dir.path().to_path_buf(),
+    );
     let tracker = Tracker::new();
     let reg = Registry::new(builtin_tools(fs, tracker.clone()));
 
diff --git a/tickets/scope-exclusion.md b/tickets/scope-exclusion.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f6661ef5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tickets/scope-exclusion.md
@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+# 複数 Pod 間の Scope 排他制御
+
+## 背景
+
+[scope-redesign.md](scope-redesign.md) で Scope は「allow / deny の領域リスト + permission レベル」に再設計された。
+これにより複数 Pod が同じファイルツリーに対して異なる権限を宣言する状況が日常化する。
+
+現状、複数 Pod が同じ pwd や重なる allow を持っても何のチェックも警告もない。
+両者が同じファイルに `write` を持っていた場合、ツール経由で同時に書き換えて
+内容を破壊しうる。Git のコミット粒度より細かい競合は履歴からも復元しづらい。
+
+Pod を「並行作業の単位」として扱う以上、scope の重なりは設計時に検知・制御
+できる必要がある。
+
+## 要件
+
+- **R1: write の重複を検出する**
+  同じファイルが 2 つ以上の Pod から `write` 権限で見えている状態を作らせない。
+  片方の Pod が起動中なら、もう片方の起動を拒否する（または昇格を拒否する）。
+
+- **R2: read は共有可**
+  `read` のみの重なりは許す。複数の閲覧者は問題ない。
+
+- **R3: deny は重なりに影響しない**
+  `deny` で write が落とされている path は、その Pod にとって write を持たないと
+  みなして他 Pod との重複判定を行う。
+
+- **R4: 解放の確実性**
+  Pod の異常終了で排他が永久に残らないこと。lock の所有者プロセスが死んだら
+  自動解放されるか、stale lock として検知できる。
+
+- **R5: 観測可能性**
+  ユーザーが「今どの Pod がどこを write 占有しているか」を見られる。
+  競合で起動が拒否されたとき、競合相手をエラーメッセージで示す。
+
+## 設計上の論点
+
+### 排他の粒度
+
+選択肢:
+- **A. ファイル単位** — 厳密だが lock 数が膨大になる
+- **B. allow rule 単位** — 宣言された target ごとに lock。粒度が荒いが宣言と一致して直感的
+- **C. パス prefix の最小被覆** — write 領域を最小の prefix に縮約して lock。中間
+
+おすすめは **B**。Pod の宣言と lock の単位が一致する方が説明しやすく、
+ユーザーが「この Pod は src を握っている」と理解しやすい。
+
+### lock の保管場所
+
+選択肢:
+- **A. lock file** — `~/.insomnia/locks/<hash>.lock` 等。各 Pod プロセスが直接握る
+- **B. 中央レジストリプロセス** — 常駐デーモンが scope の貸し借りを管理
+- **C. session-store の拡張** — 既存の永続化基盤に lock テーブルを足す
+
+おすすめは **A**。デーモンを増やしたくないし、Pod は短命〜中時間生存の想定なので
+ファイルロック (`flock(2)` / `fcntl`) で十分。stale lock 検知は PID 死活で行う。
+
+### 競合発生時の挙動
+
+選択肢:
+- **A. 起動失敗 (fail-fast)** — エラーで起動拒否、ユーザーが手で解決
+- **B. 待機 (block)** — 競合相手が解放するまで起動を待つ
+- **C. 自動降格** — 競合する write を read に降格して起動
+
+おすすめは **A**。並行作業の単位として Pod を起動するなら、競合は意図しない
+状況であることが多い。明示エラーで気づける方が安全。`--wait` フラグや `--read-only`
+フラグで B / C を選べるようにするのは将来拡張で十分。
+
+### 取得タイミング
+
+- Pod 起動時に scope 全体を一括取得し、終了時に解放
+- 起動中に scope を変えることは現状想定しない（manifest 編集 → 再起動）
+
+### resume との関係
+
+`Pod::restore` でも同じ scope が要求される。前回終了時に解放されているはずなので
+取得が成功するのが正常。失敗する場合は別 Pod が起動している = ユーザーが意図的に
+2 つ動かそうとしている。fail-fast に乗せる。
+
+## 影響範囲（想定）
+
+実装時に詰める。現時点での見立て:
+
+- 新規モジュール `crates/pod/src/scope_lock.rs`（または独立クレート `scope-lock`）
+  - lock の取得 / 解放
+  - stale lock 検知（PID 確認）
+  - 競合情報の収集（誰がどの allow を握っているか）
+- `Pod::new` / `Pod::restore` の前段で lock 取得
+- `Pod` の Drop / 明示解放で lock 返却
+- `Controller` 層でのエラー伝搬とユーザー向けメッセージ
+- CLI に「現在のロック一覧」を見るコマンド（観測性 R5）
+
+## 非ゴール
+
+- **同一 Pod 内の並行性制御** — 1 Pod 内のツール並行実行は本 ticket では扱わない
+- **ネットワーク越しの排他** — ローカルファイルロックのみ。複数マシンで同じワーキングコピーを共有する想定はしない
+- **read-write lock の細かな格上げ/格下げ** — 取得時に確定、起動中の変更はしない
+
+## 依存
+
+- [scope-redesign.md](scope-redesign.md) — allow / deny / permission レベルの構造が前提
diff --git a/tickets/scope-redesign.md b/tickets/scope-redesign.md
index bd594d4f..fe783d3d 100644
--- a/tickets/scope-redesign.md
+++ b/tickets/scope-redesign.md
@@ -2,65 +2,186 @@
 
 ## 背景
 
-Scope は Pod の作業ディレクトリとアクセス権限を定義するもの。全ての Pod が必ず持つ。
-
+Scope は Pod がどのファイルにどの権限でアクセスできるかを宣言するもの。
 現状の問題:
-1. `Pod.scope` が `Option<Scope>` — scope なしの Pod が存在しうる（ツールが登録されない）
-2. `Scope` が `root: PathBuf` しか持たない — 書き込み許可/禁止の概念がない
-3. Scope なしの場合、Glob/Grep のデフォルト検索パスがない
-4. マニフェストで `[scope]` 省略時のフォールバックが定義されていない
+
+1. `Pod.scope` が `Option<Scope>` — scope なし Pod が成立しうる（ツール未登録）
+2. `Scope` は `root: PathBuf` のみ — 書き込み許可/禁止の概念がない
+3. 単一ディレクトリしか宣言できない — 「src は書ける、docs は読むだけ」が表現できない
+4. pwd（作業ディレクトリ）と「アクセス可能領域」が同じ概念に押し込まれている
+5. 将来の複数 Pod 排他制御に必要な「権限つき領域宣言」のデータ構造がない
 
 ## 方針
 
-### Scope の拡張
+### pwd と scope を分離
+
+- **pwd** は Pod の作業ディレクトリ。`[pod]` テーブルで指定。Glob/Grep のデフォルト検索パスにもなる。
+- **scope** は「許可された領域」と「禁止された領域」のリスト。`[scope]` テーブルで指定。
+- pwd は scope の allow に **read 以上で含まれていなければならない**。違反は manifest ロード時エラー。
+
+### permission のレベル格子モデル
+
+`permission` は単一文字列で能力レベルを表す:
+
+| 値 | レベル | 意味 |
+|---|---|---|
+| `"read"` | 1 | 読める |
+| `"write"` | 2 | 読み書きできる |
+
+- **allow**: 「このレベル**以上**を許可」。`permission = "write"` は読み書き両方を grant。
+- **deny**: 「このレベル**未満**まで引き下げる」。`permission = "write"` は write だけ落として read は残す。`permission = "read"` は read を落とすので write も連鎖して落ちる（write は read を要求するため）= 完全アクセス不可。
+- **有効権限** = `min( max(allow), min(deny) )`。allow にマッチしない path は scope 外（アクセス不可）。
+- 順序非依存。
+
+### マニフェスト
+
+```toml
+[pod]
+name = "agent-foo"
+pwd = "./src"
+
+[scope]
+
+[[scope.allow]]
+target = "./src"
+permission = "write"
+recursive = true            # 省略可、デフォルト true
+
+[[scope.allow]]
+target = "./docs"
+permission = "read"
+
+[[scope.deny]]
+target = "./src/secrets.rs"
+permission = "write"        # → ./src/secrets.rs は read-only に格下げ
+
+[[scope.deny]]
+target = "./src/.env"
+permission = "read"         # → アクセス不可
+```
+
+ルール:
+- `[scope]` は **省略不可**。なければ manifest エラー。
+- `[[scope.allow]]` は **最低 1 件必須**。空 scope は無意味。
+- `[[scope.deny]]` は省略可。
+- `permission` は allow / deny のどちらでも必須。
+- `recursive` 省略時は `true`。`false` のとき、target ディレクトリ直下のエントリのみが対象（サブディレクトリは降りない）。
+- pwd は allow のいずれかで read 以上にマッチしなければならない。
+- pwd が deny で read を落とされていたらエラー。
+
+### Rust 型
 
 ```rust
-pub struct Scope {
-    pwd: PathBuf,      // 作業ディレクトリ
-    writable: bool,    // false = 読み取り専用 Pod
+// crates/manifest/src/lib.rs
+pub struct PodMeta {
+    pub name: String,
+    pub pwd: PathBuf,
+}
+
+pub struct ScopeConfig {
+    pub allow: Vec<ScopeRule>,
+    pub deny: Vec<ScopeRule>,
+}
+
+pub struct ScopeRule {
+    pub target: PathBuf,
+    pub permission: Permission,
+    #[serde(default = "default_recursive")]
+    pub recursive: bool,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "lowercase")]
+pub enum Permission {
+    Read = 1,
+    Write = 2,
 }
 ```
 
-- `writable: true`（デフォルト）: Read/Write/Edit/Glob/Grep 全て使える
-- `writable: false`: Read/Glob/Grep のみ。Write/Edit はエラー
-- `pwd` は Glob/Grep のデフォルト検索パスとしても使われる
+```rust
+// crates/manifest/src/scope.rs
+pub struct Scope {
+    allow: Vec<ScopeRule>,
+    deny: Vec<ScopeRule>,
+}
+
+impl Scope {
+    /// Effective permission for `path`. `None` means out-of-scope.
+    pub fn permission_at(&self, path: &Path) -> Option<Permission>;
+
+    /// Convenience: writable iff effective permission ≥ Write.
+    pub fn is_writable(&self, path: &Path) -> bool;
+
+    /// Convenience: readable iff effective permission ≥ Read.
+    pub fn is_readable(&self, path: &Path) -> bool;
+}
+```
+
+`permission_at` 計算:
+1. allow 群のうち path にマッチするもの（recursive 考慮）から最大 permission を取る。なければ `None` を返す。
+2. deny 群のうち path にマッチするものから最小 permission を取る（あれば、その値**未満**にキャップ）。
+3. キャップ後のレベルが 0 なら `None`、`Read` なら `Some(Read)`、`Write` なら `Some(Write)`。
 
 ### Pod で必須化
 
 ```rust
 pub struct Pod<C, St> {
-    scope: Scope,  // Option ではない
+    pwd: PathBuf,
+    scope: Scope,    // Option ではない
     // ...
 }
+
+impl<C: LlmClient, St: Store> Pod<C, St> {
+    pub async fn new(
+        manifest: PodManifest,
+        worker: Worker<C>,
+        store: St,
+        pwd: PathBuf,
+        scope: Scope,
+    ) -> Result<Self, PodError> { /* ... */ }
+
+    pub async fn restore(
+        session_id: SessionId,
+        manifest: PodManifest,
+        client: C,
+        store: St,
+        pwd: PathBuf,
+        scope: Scope,
+    ) -> Result<Self, PodError> { /* ... */ }
+
+    pub fn pwd(&self) -> &Path { &self.pwd }
+    pub fn scope(&self) -> &Scope { &self.scope }
+}
 ```
 
-### マニフェスト
-
-```toml
-# 明示指定
-[scope]
-pwd = "./src"
-writable = false   # 省略時 true
-
-# [scope] 省略時 → マニフェストファイルの親ディレクトリが pwd、writable = true
-```
-
-`Pod::new()`（マニフェストなし構築）では Scope を引数で必須にする。
+`from_manifest` 系は manifest の `[pod].pwd` と `[scope]` から pwd / scope を構築する。整合性チェック（pwd が allow に含まれる、deny で潰されていない）はここで行う。
 
 ### ScopedFs の変更
 
 ```rust
-pub fn write(&self, path: &Path, content: &[u8]) -> Result<WriteOutcome, ToolsError> {
-    if !self.inner.scope.writable() {
-        return Err(ToolsError::ReadOnly);
-    }
-    if !self.inner.scope.contains(path) {
+pub fn read(&self, path: &Path) -> Result<Vec<u8>, ToolsError> {
+    if !self.inner.scope.is_readable(path) {
         return Err(ToolsError::OutOfScope(path.to_path_buf()));
     }
     // ...
 }
+
+pub fn write(&self, path: &Path, content: &[u8]) -> Result<WriteOutcome, ToolsError> {
+    if !self.inner.scope.is_writable(path) {
+        // 読めるが書けない場合と、そもそも見えない場合を区別
+        return Err(if self.inner.scope.is_readable(path) {
+            ToolsError::ReadOnly(path.to_path_buf())
+        } else {
+            ToolsError::OutOfScope(path.to_path_buf())
+        });
+    }
+    // ...
+}
 ```
 
+Glob/Grep のデフォルト検索パスは Pod の `pwd`。targets 全走査はしない。
+絶対パスでの検索結果は `is_readable` でフィルタする。
+
 ### Controller 統合
 
 ```rust
@@ -68,19 +189,58 @@ pub fn write(&self, path: &Path, content: &[u8]) -> Result<WriteOutcome, ToolsEr
 if let Some(scope) = scope_for_tools { ... }
 
 // 後: 常にツール登録（scope は必須）
-let fs = tools::ScopedFs::new(pod.scope().clone());
+let fs = tools::ScopedFs::new(pod.scope().clone(), pod.pwd().to_path_buf());
 let tracker = tools::Tracker::new();
 worker.register_tools(tools::builtin_tools(fs, tracker));
 ```
 
 ## 影響範囲
 
-- `manifest::Scope` — `root` → `pwd`、`writable` フィールド追加
-- `manifest::ScopeConfig` — `root` → `pwd`、`writable` の serde 対応
-- `manifest::PodManifest` — [scope] 省略時のフォールバック解決
-- `Pod` — `scope: Option<Scope>` → `scope: Scope`
-- `Pod::new()`, `Pod::restore()`, `Pod::from_manifest()` — シグネチャ変更
-- `ScopedFs` — writable チェック追加
-- `Controller` — scope の Optional 分岐を削除
-- `tools::error::ToolsError` — `ReadOnly` variant 追加
-- `Scope::contains` — `root` → `pwd` のリネーム
+- `crates/manifest/src/lib.rs`
+  - `PodMeta` に `pwd: PathBuf` を追加
+  - `ScopeConfig` を `{ allow: Vec<ScopeRule>, deny: Vec<ScopeRule> }` に置き換え（旧 `root` フィールド削除）
+  - `Permission` enum、`ScopeRule` 構造体を追加
+  - `PodManifest::scope` を `Option<ScopeConfig>` → `ScopeConfig` に（省略不可）
+  - manifest ロード時の整合性チェック（scope 必須、allow 1 件以上、pwd と allow/deny の関係）
+
+- `crates/manifest/src/scope.rs`
+  - `Scope` 構造体を allow/deny ベースに作り直し
+  - `permission_at` / `is_readable` / `is_writable`
+  - 旧 `Scope::contains` は削除（呼び出し元は `is_readable` / `is_writable` に置換）
+
+- `crates/pod/src/pod.rs`
+  - `scope: Option<Scope>` → `scope: Scope`
+  - `pwd: PathBuf` フィールド追加
+  - `Pod::new` / `Pod::restore` シグネチャ変更
+  - `Pod::scope()` の戻り値を `Option<&Scope>` → `&Scope` に
+  - `from_manifest` 系は manifest から pwd / scope を取り出して新シグネチャに渡す
+
+- `crates/tools/src/scoped_fs.rs`
+  - 内部の scope 参照を新 API（`is_readable` / `is_writable`）に置換
+  - `pwd` を別途保持（Glob/Grep のデフォルト検索パス用）
+  - 既存の境界チェックを置換
+
+- `crates/tools/src/error.rs`
+  - `ReadOnly(PathBuf)` variant を追加
+  - 既存の `OutOfScope` は維持
+
+- `crates/pod/src/controller.rs`
+  - `scope` の Optional 分岐を削除し、常時ツール登録
+
+- `crates/pod/src/prune.rs` 等の scope 参照箇所
+  - `Option<&Scope>` 前提の処理を `&Scope` 前提に書き換え
+
+- 既存テスト
+  - `manifest` のパースケース更新（新 TOML 構文）
+  - `tools::scoped_fs` のテスト更新（権限レベル別、deny 部分化のケース追加）
+
+## 確認済み論点
+
+- **target の解決基準**: `[scope]` 内の `target` は manifest の `[pod].pwd` からの相対パスとして解決する。manifest ロード時に pwd と合わせて絶対パスへ正規化。
+- **deny 合成**: マッチする deny が複数あれば min(permission) を取り、その値未満にキャップ。順序非依存・冪等。
+- **Glob/Grep の検索起点**: 既存の `path` パラメータを保持し、省略時のデフォルトを旧 `scope.root()` から **pwd** に切り替えるだけ。pwd 外に絶対パスで検索された場合、結果は `is_readable` でフィルタする。越境検索禁止の特別ロジックは入れない。
+
+## 非ゴール
+
+- **複数 Pod 間の scope 排他制御** は本 ticket では扱わない。別 ticket [scope-exclusion.md] に切り出す。本 ticket では「将来 read 共有 / write 排他の単位として `Scope` を使えるようにデータ構造を整える」までで止める。
+- **bash ツールへの execute 権限** は本 ticket では扱わない。bash-tool ticket / permission-extension-point ticket で扱う。`Permission` は当面 `Read` / `Write` の 2 値。