Files
yoi/crates/worker-runtime/src/ssh_host_key_probe.rs

369 lines
12 KiB
Rust

//! Side-effect-free SSH host key discovery for Repository trust enrollment.
//!
//! Probing only observes public host keys. It does not persist trust, use clone
//! credentials, or authenticate to the target host.
use base64::Engine as _;
use base64::engine::general_purpose::{STANDARD, STANDARD_NO_PAD};
use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
use sha2::{Digest, Sha256};
use std::collections::BTreeSet;
use std::net::IpAddr;
use std::path::Path;
use std::process::Stdio;
use std::time::Duration;
use tokio::process::Command;
pub const SSH_HOST_KEY_PROBE_PATH: &str = "/v1/repositories/ssh/probe";
pub const SSH_HOST_KEY_PROBE_OPERATION: &str = "workdirs:operate";
pub(crate) const SSH_KEYSCAN_TIMEOUT: Duration = Duration::from_secs(10);
const SSH_KEYSCAN_CONNECT_TIMEOUT_SECONDS: &str = "5";
const MAX_SSH_KEYSCAN_OUTPUT_BYTES: usize = 64 * 1024;
const MAX_PROBE_CANDIDATES: usize = 32;
const MAX_DIAGNOSTIC_BYTES: usize = 256;
/// `POST /v1/repositories/ssh/probe` request.
#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
#[serde(deny_unknown_fields)]
pub struct SshHostKeyProbeRequest {
pub hostname: String,
pub port: u16,
}
/// One public host key observed by an SSH host key probe.
#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
#[serde(deny_unknown_fields)]
pub struct SshHostKeyCandidate {
/// Canonical OpenSSH public key text (`algorithm base64-key`), without a host prefix.
pub public_key: String,
/// OpenSSH public key algorithm name.
pub algorithm: String,
/// OpenSSH SHA-256 fingerprint (`SHA256:base64-digest`).
pub fingerprint: String,
}
/// `POST /v1/repositories/ssh/probe` response.
#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
#[serde(deny_unknown_fields)]
pub struct SshHostKeyProbeResponse {
pub candidates: Vec<SshHostKeyCandidate>,
}
#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, thiserror::Error)]
pub enum SshHostKeyProbeError {
#[error("SSH host key probe hostname is invalid")]
InvalidHostname,
#[error("SSH host key probe port must be greater than zero")]
InvalidPort,
#[error("SSH host key probe executable is unavailable")]
Unavailable,
#[error("SSH host key probe timed out")]
Timeout,
#[error("SSH host key probe failed: {diagnostic}")]
Failed { diagnostic: String },
}
/// Observe the target's public Ed25519 host keys without persisting trust or using credentials.
pub async fn probe_ssh_host_keys(
request: &SshHostKeyProbeRequest,
) -> Result<SshHostKeyProbeResponse, SshHostKeyProbeError> {
probe_ssh_host_keys_with_program(request, Path::new("ssh-keyscan"), SSH_KEYSCAN_TIMEOUT).await
}
pub(crate) async fn probe_ssh_host_keys_with_program(
request: &SshHostKeyProbeRequest,
program: &Path,
timeout: Duration,
) -> Result<SshHostKeyProbeResponse, SshHostKeyProbeError> {
validate_request(request)?;
let mut command = Command::new(program);
command
.args(["-T", SSH_KEYSCAN_CONNECT_TIMEOUT_SECONDS])
.arg("-p")
.arg(request.port.to_string())
.args(["-t", "ed25519"])
.arg(&request.hostname)
.stdin(Stdio::null())
.stdout(Stdio::piped())
// ssh-keyscan diagnostics are intentionally not returned or retained: they may contain
// environment-specific details and are not needed for the public error contract.
.stderr(Stdio::null())
.kill_on_drop(true);
let output = tokio::time::timeout(timeout, command.output())
.await
.map_err(|_| SshHostKeyProbeError::Timeout)?
.map_err(|_| SshHostKeyProbeError::Unavailable)?;
if !output.status.success() {
return Err(SshHostKeyProbeError::Failed {
diagnostic: bounded_diagnostic(format!(
"ssh-keyscan exited unsuccessfully ({})",
output.status
)),
});
}
if output.stdout.len() > MAX_SSH_KEYSCAN_OUTPUT_BYTES {
return Err(SshHostKeyProbeError::Failed {
diagnostic: "ssh-keyscan output exceeded the probe limit".to_string(),
});
}
let candidates = parse_ssh_keyscan_output(&output.stdout);
if candidates.is_empty() {
return Err(SshHostKeyProbeError::Failed {
diagnostic: "ssh-keyscan returned no valid ssh-ed25519 host keys".to_string(),
});
}
Ok(SshHostKeyProbeResponse { candidates })
}
fn validate_request(request: &SshHostKeyProbeRequest) -> Result<(), SshHostKeyProbeError> {
if request.port == 0 {
return Err(SshHostKeyProbeError::InvalidPort);
}
validate_hostname(&request.hostname)
}
fn validate_hostname(hostname: &str) -> Result<(), SshHostKeyProbeError> {
if hostname.is_empty()
|| hostname.len() > 253
|| !hostname.is_ascii()
|| hostname.bytes().any(|byte| byte.is_ascii_whitespace())
|| hostname.starts_with('-')
{
return Err(SshHostKeyProbeError::InvalidHostname);
}
if hostname.parse::<IpAddr>().is_ok() {
return Ok(());
}
let hostname = hostname.strip_suffix('.').unwrap_or(hostname);
if hostname.is_empty()
|| hostname.split('.').any(|label| {
label.is_empty()
|| label.len() > 63
|| label.starts_with('-')
|| label.ends_with('-')
|| !label
.bytes()
.all(|byte| byte.is_ascii_alphanumeric() || byte == b'-')
})
{
return Err(SshHostKeyProbeError::InvalidHostname);
}
Ok(())
}
fn parse_ssh_keyscan_output(output: &[u8]) -> Vec<SshHostKeyCandidate> {
let mut seen = BTreeSet::new();
let mut candidates = Vec::new();
for line in output.split(|byte| *byte == b'\n') {
let Ok(line) = std::str::from_utf8(line) else {
continue;
};
let mut fields = line.split_ascii_whitespace();
let (Some(_host), Some(algorithm), Some(encoded_key)) =
(fields.next(), fields.next(), fields.next())
else {
continue;
};
if line.trim_start().starts_with('#') || algorithm != "ssh-ed25519" {
continue;
}
let Ok(key_blob) = STANDARD.decode(encoded_key) else {
continue;
};
if !is_ed25519_public_key_blob(&key_blob) {
continue;
}
let canonical_key = STANDARD.encode(&key_blob);
if !seen.insert(canonical_key.clone()) {
continue;
}
let public_key = format!("{algorithm} {canonical_key}");
candidates.push(SshHostKeyCandidate {
algorithm: algorithm.to_string(),
fingerprint: format!(
"SHA256:{}",
STANDARD_NO_PAD.encode(Sha256::digest(&key_blob))
),
public_key,
});
if candidates.len() == MAX_PROBE_CANDIDATES {
break;
}
}
candidates
}
fn is_ed25519_public_key_blob(blob: &[u8]) -> bool {
let Some((algorithm, rest)) = take_ssh_string(blob) else {
return false;
};
let Some((public_key, rest)) = take_ssh_string(rest) else {
return false;
};
algorithm == b"ssh-ed25519" && public_key.len() == 32 && rest.is_empty()
}
fn take_ssh_string(input: &[u8]) -> Option<(&[u8], &[u8])> {
let length = u32::from_be_bytes(input.get(..4)?.try_into().ok()?) as usize;
let value = input.get(4..4usize.checked_add(length)?)?;
let rest = input.get(4usize.checked_add(length)?..)?;
Some((value, rest))
}
fn bounded_diagnostic(mut diagnostic: String) -> String {
if diagnostic.len() <= MAX_DIAGNOSTIC_BYTES {
return diagnostic;
}
let mut end = MAX_DIAGNOSTIC_BYTES;
while !diagnostic.is_char_boundary(end) {
end -= 1;
}
diagnostic.truncate(end);
diagnostic
}
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
use super::*;
fn encoded_ed25519_key(seed: u8) -> String {
let mut blob = Vec::new();
blob.extend_from_slice(&("ssh-ed25519".len() as u32).to_be_bytes());
blob.extend_from_slice(b"ssh-ed25519");
blob.extend_from_slice(&32_u32.to_be_bytes());
blob.extend_from_slice(&[seed; 32]);
STANDARD.encode(blob)
}
#[test]
fn hostname_validation_rejects_option_injection_and_ambiguous_text() {
for hostname in [
"",
"-example.test",
"--help",
"example.test other.test",
"example.test\nother.test",
"example_test",
".example.test",
"example..test",
"example.test:22",
"[::1]",
"éxample.test",
] {
assert_eq!(
validate_hostname(hostname),
Err(SshHostKeyProbeError::InvalidHostname),
"{hostname:?} must be rejected"
);
}
for hostname in [
"localhost",
"example.test",
"example.test.",
"127.0.0.1",
"::1",
] {
validate_hostname(hostname).unwrap();
}
}
#[test]
fn request_validation_rejects_zero_port() {
assert_eq!(
validate_request(&SshHostKeyProbeRequest {
hostname: "example.test".to_string(),
port: 0,
}),
Err(SshHostKeyProbeError::InvalidPort)
);
}
#[test]
fn parser_accepts_only_valid_ed25519_keys_and_deduplicates() {
let key = encoded_ed25519_key(7);
let other_key = encoded_ed25519_key(8);
let output = format!(
"# comment\nexample.test ssh-rsa AAAA\nexample.test ssh-ed25519 invalid!\nexample.test ssh-ed25519 {key}\n[example.test]:2222 ssh-ed25519 {key}\nexample.test ssh-ed25519 {other_key}\n"
);
let candidates = parse_ssh_keyscan_output(output.as_bytes());
assert_eq!(candidates.len(), 2);
assert_eq!(candidates[0].algorithm, "ssh-ed25519");
assert_eq!(candidates[0].public_key, format!("ssh-ed25519 {key}"));
let decoded = STANDARD.decode(key).unwrap();
assert_eq!(
candidates[0].fingerprint,
format!("SHA256:{}", STANDARD_NO_PAD.encode(Sha256::digest(decoded)))
);
}
#[test]
fn parser_rejects_base64_that_is_not_an_ed25519_wire_key() {
let output = format!("example.test ssh-ed25519 {}\n", STANDARD.encode([1_u8; 32]));
assert!(parse_ssh_keyscan_output(output.as_bytes()).is_empty());
}
#[cfg(unix)]
#[tokio::test]
async fn unsuccessful_command_does_not_return_stderr() {
use std::os::unix::fs::PermissionsExt as _;
let temp = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
let program = temp.path().join("ssh-keyscan");
std::fs::write(
&program,
"#!/bin/sh\nprintf 'secret from stderr' >&2\nexit 7\n",
)
.unwrap();
std::fs::set_permissions(&program, std::fs::Permissions::from_mode(0o700)).unwrap();
let error = probe_ssh_host_keys_with_program(
&SshHostKeyProbeRequest {
hostname: "example.test".to_string(),
port: 22,
},
&program,
Duration::from_secs(1),
)
.await
.unwrap_err();
let diagnostic = error.to_string();
assert!(matches!(error, SshHostKeyProbeError::Failed { .. }));
assert!(!diagnostic.contains("secret"));
assert!(diagnostic.len() <= MAX_DIAGNOSTIC_BYTES + "SSH host key probe failed: ".len());
}
#[cfg(unix)]
#[tokio::test]
async fn command_execution_times_out_without_returning_process_diagnostics() {
use std::os::unix::fs::PermissionsExt as _;
let temp = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
let program = temp.path().join("ssh-keyscan");
std::fs::write(
&program,
"#!/bin/sh\nprintf 'secret from stderr' >&2\nsleep 2\n",
)
.unwrap();
std::fs::set_permissions(&program, std::fs::Permissions::from_mode(0o700)).unwrap();
let request = SshHostKeyProbeRequest {
hostname: "example.test".to_string(),
port: 22,
};
let error = probe_ssh_host_keys_with_program(&request, &program, Duration::from_millis(20))
.await
.unwrap_err();
assert_eq!(error, SshHostKeyProbeError::Timeout);
assert!(!error.to_string().contains("secret"));
}
}